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Your complete reference chart for the Thai alphabet — 44 consonants organized by class, essential vowels, tone marks, and Thai numerals.
Thai Consonants
Thai consonants are divided into three classes: Mid, High, and Low. The class determines the tone of a syllable. Each consonant has an associated word to help remember it (like "G as in Gai/Chicken").
* ฃ and ฅ are obsolete and no longer used in modern Thai. Many consonants share the same sound (e.g. ค, ข, ฃ, ฆ all make a "kh" sound) — the class determines their tone behavior.
Vowels, Tones & Numerals
Thai vowels appear around consonants: before, after, above, or below. The dash (-) shows where the consonant goes. Vowels come in short and long pairs — length changes the meaning of words!
Thai is a tonal language with 5 tones: mid, low, falling, high, and rising. The tone of a syllable depends on the consonant class, vowel length, and tone mark. Here are the 4 written tone marks (the mid tone has no mark).
สวัสดี (sawasdee) = Hello ·
ขอบคุณ (khob khun) = Thank you ·
ใช่ (chai) = Yes ·
ไม่ (mai) = No
น้ำ (nam) = Water ·
อาหาร (aahaan) = Food ·
ประเทศไทย (prathet thai) = Thailand